Integrand size = 14, antiderivative size = 48 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{4 x^4}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x^4}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\log (x)+\frac {1}{8} \log \left (1+x^4+x^8\right ) \]
[Out]
Time = 0.03 (sec) , antiderivative size = 48, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {1371, 723, 814, 648, 632, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {2 x^4+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\frac {1}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{8} \log \left (x^8+x^4+1\right )-\log (x) \]
[In]
[Out]
Rule 210
Rule 632
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 723
Rule 814
Rule 1371
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-1-x}{x \left (1+x+x^2\right )} \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{4 x^4}+\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \left (-\frac {1}{x}+\frac {x}{1+x+x^2}\right ) \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{4 x^4}-\log (x)+\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{4 x^4}-\log (x)-\frac {1}{8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x+x^2} \, dx,x,x^4\right )+\frac {1}{8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1+2 x}{1+x+x^2} \, dx,x,x^4\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{4 x^4}-\log (x)+\frac {1}{8} \log \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )+\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+2 x^4\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{4 x^4}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {1+2 x^4}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {3}}-\log (x)+\frac {1}{8} \log \left (1+x^4+x^8\right ) \\ \end{align*}
Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 136, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.83 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {1}{24} \left (-\frac {6}{x^4}+2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {-1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1+2 x}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-24 \log (x)+\sqrt {3} \left (-i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (i+\sqrt {3}-2 i x^2\right )+\sqrt {3} \left (i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \log \left (-i+\sqrt {3}+2 i x^2\right )+3 \log \left (1-x+x^2\right )+3 \log \left (1+x+x^2\right )\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 38, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.79
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {1}{4 x^{4}}-\ln \left (x \right )+\frac {\ln \left (x^{8}+x^{4}+1\right )}{8}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {2 \left (x^{4}+\frac {1}{2}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{12}\) | \(38\) |
default | \(-\frac {1}{4 x^{4}}-\ln \left (x \right )+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}{8}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x -1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{12}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}+x +1\right )}{8}-\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\left (1+2 x \right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right ) \sqrt {3}}{12}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{4}-x^{2}+1\right )}{8}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\left (2 x^{2}-1\right ) \sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{12}\) | \(94\) |
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.24 (sec) , antiderivative size = 49, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.02 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {3} x^{4} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x^{4} + 1\right )}\right ) - 3 \, x^{4} \log \left (x^{8} + x^{4} + 1\right ) + 24 \, x^{4} \log \left (x\right ) + 6}{24 \, x^{4}} \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 48, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=- \log {\left (x \right )} + \frac {\log {\left (x^{8} + x^{4} + 1 \right )}}{8} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {2 \sqrt {3} x^{4}}{3} + \frac {\sqrt {3}}{3} \right )}}{12} - \frac {1}{4 x^{4}} \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x^{4} + 1\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{4 \, x^{4}} + \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{8} + x^{4} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left (x^{4}\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
none
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 46, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=-\frac {1}{12} \, \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{3} \, \sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x^{4} + 1\right )}\right ) + \frac {x^{4} - 1}{4 \, x^{4}} + \frac {1}{8} \, \log \left (x^{8} + x^{4} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left (x^{4}\right ) \]
[In]
[Out]
Time = 0.04 (sec) , antiderivative size = 41, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^5 \left (1+x^4+x^8\right )} \, dx=\frac {\ln \left (x^8+x^4+1\right )}{8}-\ln \left (x\right )-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {2\,\sqrt {3}\,x^4}{3}+\frac {\sqrt {3}}{3}\right )}{12}-\frac {1}{4\,x^4} \]
[In]
[Out]